The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that allows users to access websites and online services by translating domain names into IP addresses. Without DNS, users would need to remember numerical IP addresses instead of domain names.
This article explains the basics of DNS, its purpose, and how it works.
What is DNS?
DNS translates domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses (like 172.217.3.110) that computers use to communicate on a network. It functions as the internet’s phonebook, linking names to numbers to enable connectivity.
Why is DNS Important?
- Simplifies Navigation
DNS allows users to access websites by entering domain names instead of IP addresses. - Scalability
It enables the internet to scale by organizing domain names and addressing for billions of devices. - Reliability
DNS ensures consistent access to websites through a distributed infrastructure that reduces the risk of failure.
How Does DNS Work?
The DNS process involves several steps:
- Querying a Resolver
When a user enters a domain name into a browser, the browser queries a DNS resolver. This resolver is often managed by the user’s internet service provider (ISP). - Finding the IP Address
The resolver checks its cache for the IP address. If it’s not cached, the resolver queries other DNS servers. - Resolving the Name
The DNS server responds with the IP address, which is sent back to the browser. The browser uses this address to connect to the website.
DNS is an essential component of the internet, providing a reliable system for translating domain names into IP addresses. Understanding how it works can help users appreciate the infrastructure that supports online communication.